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An overview of Kingdom Fungi - bioeducation1

Kingdom Fungi

 Hey guys welcome back to the bioeducation1. Today we will learn about the "Kingdom Fungi". Let's discuss with it.

An overview of Kingdom Fungi

It is a unique kingdom which include the Eukaryotic, Heterotrophic organism, which shows extracellular digestion. Fungi is found everywhere whether it is on the stale bread in the form of black spots, mushrooms,etc. Fungi multiply and grow in a warm and moist conditions. The known total species of fungi is more than 2,00,000.
The characteristics of Kingdom fungi which separates it from other Kingdom is the presence of chitin in their cell wall.
The structure of Fungi contains the four main parts which include Sporangium, Spores and Hyphae.

Characteristics of Kingdom Fungi:

  1. The fungi can be unicellular (yeast) and multicellular (penicillium).
  2. Filamentous fungi consist of the body called mycelium which is composed of the number of thread-like structures called hyphae.
  3. The hyphae may be with septa (septate) or without septa (aseptate).
  4.  The non-septate, multinucleated hyphae are called coenocytic hyphae.
  5.  The fungi nucleus contains chromatin threads which is dense.
  6.  The cell wall of fungi is composed of polysaccharides and chitin.
  7.  Most of the members of fungi are saprophytes and absorbed food which is decomposed outside.

Features of Kingdom Fungi:

  1. The fungi grow slowly as compared to bacteria.
  2. Fungi contain well-organized membrane-bound cell organelles.
  3. Photosynthesis does not take place as chloroplast is not present.
  4. Reproduction can be take place by vegetative, asexual or sexual modes.
  5. Some fungi are parasites or predators and some are symbiotic.

Basis of classification of kingdom fungi:

The Kingdom Fungi is classified on the basis of Spore Formation-

1. Phycomycetes

  •  It is commonly called Algal Fungi.
  • They mostly grow in moist and damp places on decaying organic matter and aquatic habitats.
  • They reproduce by endogenous spores produced inside sporangia.
  • The mycelium is septate and coenocytic.
  • Examples are Mucor, Rhizopus and Albugo. Albugo is parasitic fungi on mustard.
Mucor

2. Ascomycetes

  • It is commonly called Sac Fungi.
  • These are mostly multicellular.
  • They reproduce by endogenous sexual spores called ascospores in sac-like structure called asci.
  • The mycelium is in branched and separate form.
  • Examples- Aspergillus, Neurospora, Penicillium and Yeast.
Neurospora

3. Basidiomycetes

  • These are commonly called Club Fungi which include Rusts, Smuts, Bracket Fungi and Mushrooms.
  •  They lack sex organs. The fusion of two vegetative cells produces a dikaryotic mycelium which give rise to the fruiting body called Basidiocarp.
  • Basidiocarp contains many basidia which produce sexual spores called Basidiospores.
  • The mycelium is in separate and branched form. 
  • Examples- Agaricus, Ustilago and Puccinia. Puccinia causes wheat rust.
Agaricus

4. Deuteromycetes

  • It is commonly called Imperfect Fungi.
  • There is only known vegetative phase of these fungi.
  • They are mostly decomposers while a few are parasitic.
  • The mycelium is in separate and branched form.
  • Examples- Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Trichoderma,etc.
Alternaria

Reproduction in Fungi

The reproduction in fungi takes place through the vegetative, sexual and asexual modes as given below:

  1. Vegetative reproduction:- Vegetative Reproduction through fragmentation, budding and fission.
  2. Sexual reproduction:- Sexual Reproduction through ascospores, oospores and basidiospores.
  3. Asexual reproduction:- Asexual Reproduction through zoospores, sporangiospores and conidia.

Difference between kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi

  1. Kingdom Protista has unicellular eukaryotic organism while kingdom Fungi has multicellular eukaryotic organism.
  2. The protists are with or without cell wall. If cell wall is present it is made up of cellulose. The fungi are with cell wall composed of Chitin.
  3. Protists does not have septa while fungi has septa which separates fungal hyphae into compartments.
  4. Protists are invisible through naked eye while fungi are visible in the naked eye.

Uses of Fungi:-

  • Human use fungi as food or in the preparation of food.
  • Yeast is used in making of bread.
  • Yeast is source of vitamin B
  • Penicillin is an antibiotic which comes from fungus Penicillium notatum.
  • Human use fungi for the pest control.
So we have discussed with the topic of Fungi, Characteristics of kingdom fungi, Classification of Kingdom Fungi, Reproduction in fungi, Difference between kingdom Protista and Kingdom Fungi and at last uses of Fungi.

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